Blood is only supposed to clot when it is outside a blood vessel, and clotting within an artery, or vein, can be dangerous.
A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein. The DVT usually forms in a deep leg vein, and can cause immobility (lack of movement). Deep leg veins are the larger veins that run through the muscles of the calf and thigh. A DVT can form across all, or part, of the width of a vein, which can block blood flow either completely or partially.
DVT and pulmonary embolisms (clots in the lungs) are conditions known as venous thromboembolisms. Fortunately, venous thromboembolisms are rare conditions with about 1 in 2,000 people, in the UK, being affected each year. DVT is less common in people under the age of 40 (less than 1 in 3,000) and more common in people over the age of 80 (up to 1 in 500).
A DVT usually develops in the calf, but it sometimes also occurs in the thigh. Occasionally, other deep veins in the body are affected. Inflammation of surface veins (superficial phlebitis) is much less serious.
Smoking and Diet
Smoking and being overweight increases the risk of developing a DVT. Giving up smoking and trying to lose weight through a sensible diet and regular exercise will help prevent DVT.
Treatment for DVT
Treating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) will prevent the clot getting larger, breaking off (an embolism) and traveling up the vein to the lungs. It can also reduce the risk of post-thrombotic syndrome and prevent a further DVT from occurring in the future.
Anticoagulation (Thinning of the Blood)
Anticoagulant medicines are used to prevent the DVT from getting larger. Although they are sometimes referred to as 'blood thinners', anticoagulants do not actually thin the blood, they alter chemicals within it which prevent clots from forming so easily. If anticoagulation treatment is started soon after a DVT develops, it significantly reduces the chances of developing a serious embolism. The usual treatment for DVT involves using the anticoagulant medicines, heparin and warfarin.
Tips for Travelling
If someone is at risk of getting a DVT, or have had a DVT previously, they should consult a GP before embarking on long distance travel. During long distance travel (journeys of six hours or more), particularly during long-haul flights, ensure that the traveller:
- Drinks plenty of water
- Avoids excessive alcohol as it can lead to dehydration
- Avoids taking sleeping pills as they cause immobility
- Performs simple leg exercises, such as regularly flexing the ankles. Most airlines provide information on suitable exercises to do during the flight
- Takes occasional short walks, when in-flight advice suggests it is safe to do so
- Wears elastic compression stockings.
Important Notes for Travel Insurance
When traveling abroad, it is very important to make sure that full travel insurance is available to cover the costs of any healthcare needed. This is particularly important if there is a pre-existing medical condition, such as cancer, or heart failure, that may increase the risk of developing DVT.
DVT can be a very serious condition, and so it is important that medical assistance is sought as soon as possible. Prompt treatment of DVT will help minimise the risk of complications.
Source:
The DVT Awareness campaign
